UTILIZAÇÃO DE LIPOSSOMAS NO PROCESSO DE CRIOPRESERVAÇÃO DE SÊMEN DE SUÍNO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31512/vivencias.v20i40.986Resumo
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo trazer os principais vantagens e desvantagens da utilização de lipossomas no processo de criopreservação do sêmen suíno através dessa revisão bibliográfica. Pois a utilização do sêmen criopreservado na suinocultura representa 1% apenas, por causa dos danos que ocorrem durante o processo de criopreservação, no qual o sêmen passa por três etapas antes de ocorrer o congelamento, e nelas ocorre a diminuição da temperatura. Dessa forma, ocorre alterações físicas e químicas dos espermatozoides, deixando-os suscetíveis a sérios danos causados pelo frio. Além disso, a redução da temperatura, leva a mudança de fase fluida para a fase gel, ocorrendo uma maior desidratação celular, decorrente da remoção de moléculas polares dos fosfolipídios, acarretando em alterações de funcionalidade. Decorrente disso, busca-se novos crioprotetores, antioxidantes para reduzir/reparar os danos aos espermatozoides de suínos desde do processo de refrigeração até o processo de descongelamento do sêmen congelado. Em vista disso, destaca-se os lipossomas, que são vesículas coloidais compostas de lipídeos anfipáticos que em excesso de água se agregam formando bicamadas lipídicas esféricas com compartimento interno aquoso, podendo carregar antioxidantes, ATP. No entanto, eles podem ser fabricados de diferentes fosfolipídios, desde da gema de ovo até lecitina de soja, e até mesmo o processo de fabricação podem ser diferentes. Nota-se que a utilização de lipossomas no processo de criopreservação de sêmen, é uma alternativa para evitar/reparar os danos que ocorrem aos espermatozoides durante esse processo.
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